贵州中南部中三叠世群落古生态研究

文章从群落古生态学的角度,结合岩相学等方面的研究,详细地探讨了贵州中南部中三叠世时的4个生物相、13个群落的特征及其生境,指定了其地理分布范围和生存时限,建立了生物和沉积相模式。认为底栖群落的更替主要由外因——外界环境的变迁引起,而浮游群落的更替则主要由内因——生物自身的进化引起。     

龙门山地区泥盆纪锶、碳同位素与海平面变化

文章将龙门山地区泥盆系划分为四个沉积旋回,即四个地层层序,建立了该区泥盆纪海相碳酸盐锶、碳同位素地层曲线,并将同位素演化与沉积旋回结合起来研究该区泥盆纪的海平面变化。     

Discussion of gas enrichment mechanism and natural gas origin in marine sedimentary basin,China

There are abundant natural gas resources in Chinese marine sedimentary basin. The exploration hot shots of natural gas are the Palaeozoic marine strata here in recent years, and several large scale gas fields have been discovered. Chinese Palaeozoic high-post matured and coal measure hydrocarbon source rocks are mainly prone to gas generation in the present. This research considered that gas source rocks and TSR are the key cause of gas enrichment of marine strata. High-quality argillaceous and coal measure hydrocarbon rocks are distributed widely in the Palaeozoic marine strata, which have been in highly matured phase in the present. The argillaceous source rock generally contains various sulfates that could accelerate crude oil cracking to gas for TSR occurrence, and coal measure source rock mainly generates gas, so Chinese marine basin gives priority to accumulating gas. Marine strata have not founded oil reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin and Ordos Basin, and they consist mainly of dry gas. Marine natural gases are the mixed gases of oil cracking gas and coal-formed gas in a general way, oil cracking gases contain usually some H2S and CO2. Hydrocarbon carbon isotopes are very complicated, and methane and ethane isotopic values bear apparent reversal caused by thermal evolution and mixing among different genetic types of natural gas. Coal-formed gases are the main component of Chinese marine natural gas. The Upper Permian of the Sichuan Basin and the Carboniferous-Permian of the Ordos Basin coal measure hydrocarbon source rock present large hydrocarbon generation potential, which are the prospecting highlight of marine natural gas hereafter. Oil cracking gas exploration will be paid much attention to in the Tarim Basin because of the lack of coal measure hydrocarbon source rock.     

Sunda盆地(印尼)古近系Zelda段(扇)三角洲沉积特征

前人认为Sunda盆地古近系Talang Akar组Zelda段主要为河流沉.本文通过对岩心的岩性序列与沉积构造、测井曲线形态组合与地震反射特征的系统研究,认为古近系渐新统Zelda段主要为三角洲和扇三角洲沉积体系,在Zelda段沉积早期还发育代表盆地快速下沉阶段的近岸水下扇、滨浅湖、深湖以及浊积扇沉积.详细论述了Zelda段三角洲及扇三角洲的沉积特征和平面分布规律.     

火山灰沉积地区钻孔泥浆性能试验

水敏性火山灰沉积岩具有很强的吸水性和膨胀性,遇水后迅速软化崩解,钻孔施工时使用普通泥浆很难成孔。通过分析泥浆护壁性状,认为减少失水量和泥皮厚度是在水敏性土中成孔和提高桩侧摩擦阻力的关键。选取羧甲基纤维素(CMC)和纯碱(Na2CO3)作为减小失水量的添加剂,通过正交试验确定泥浆的最佳质量配比为:淡水∶膨润土∶CMC∶纯碱=100∶8∶0.1∶0.04。试验结果表明:膨润土质量分数越大,泥皮越厚,护壁效果越好,对桩侧摩擦阻力的消弱越大;CMC和纯碱对减少失水量和泥皮厚度效果明显;海水入浸会增加泥浆的失水量,造成泥浆恶化;铬铁木质素磺酸钠盐(FCL)对因海水入浸而恶化的泥浆改善效果不明显。     

子洲地区山西组及盒8段有利砂体成因探讨

目的为了查明鄂尔多斯盆地东部子洲地区山西组及盒8段有利砂体的特征及成因,进而寻找有利砂体及高产天然气聚集区。方法采用野外观察与室内研究相结合的方法。结果大量的砂岩样品统计显示,山西组砂岩类型以岩屑砂岩、石英砂岩为主,其次为岩屑石英砂岩,盒8段砂岩主要为岩屑砂岩、岩屑石英砂岩;不同类型的砂岩物性不同,石英砂岩物性最好,其次是岩屑石英砂岩,岩屑砂岩物性最差;沉积相分析认为,子洲地区山西组主要为三角洲前缘,盒8段发育辫状河三角洲前缘,探明了重点气层组山23及盒82沉积微相的平面展布。结论有利的天然气储集体主要形成于水下分流河道微相,由于山西组和盒8段形成时古地理条件的不同,其砂体类型及储集性能也有一定的差异。     

Numerical simulation on the evolution of sediment waves caused by turbidity currents

Interest in the forming mechanism of sediment waves increases recently because of its significance on submarine engineering, sedimentary dynamics and hydrocarbon reservoir prediction in deep water. In this paper, the time-averaged continuity equations and Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are applied in the numerical simulation of fluid dynamics. The modeling results are used to illuminate the effects of topography on turbidity current and explore the origin of submarine sediment waves. The research results show that (1) deposition occurs firstly at the lower ramp due to the deceleration of fluid, increase of density, loss of flow capacity and longer duration of flow passage; (2) density increase at the upslope due to the local jam results in velocity decrease and pressure increase; (3) sediment waves begin to be formed and migrated toward upstream in an area far away from the source with in- crease of the turbidity events; (4) deposition becomes more slowly with decrease of grain sizes, but the shape and sequences of these deposits are controlled by topography, not grain size.     

乌里雅斯太凹陷南洼槽低渗透油藏勘探研究方法及勘探效果

针对乌里雅斯太凹陷南洼槽储层物性差、非均质性强、油藏类型以岩性和地层油藏为主的低渗透油藏特点,以沉积储层为主要研究内容,通过层序地层学方法和储层预测新技术的应用,识别出多个不同时期、不同类型的砂体,圈定了砂体范围,预测了有利储层部位。在3年的勘探实践中,先后钻探了10余口探井,全部获得成功,勘探取得了重大突破。     

乐安油田草4块沙四段储层沉积特征与非均质性研究

储层沉积特征和非均质性已成为制约边际稠油油藏开发生产的瓶颈。利用地震、钻井、测井、岩心资料，对乐安油田草4块沙四段储层的沉积特征与非均质性及其对稠油开发的影响进行了研究。结果表明，研究区草4块沙四段发育两个三级层序，其岩石矿物学特征不同，沉积特征明显不同，含油性也不同;沙四上亚段为滨浅湖滩坝相沉积，而沙四下亚段为近岸水下扇沉积，其控制着95%的储量。储层渗透率变异系数为0.61～1.43，突进系数为2.21～5.41，渗透率级差大，层内、层间非均质性强，平面上非均质性相对较弱。综合评价出了有利的开发层段，其中沙四段4砂层组的3，4小层为有利开发层段，油层分布稳定，连通性好，可采用小井距强化注水面积井网或蒸汽吞吐热采开发，并采取适当的防砂措施。